![]() ![]() Henderson may have mistakenly believed that a newer British legal opinion had made such land purchases legal. Henderson's purchase was in violation of North Carolina and Virginia law, as well as the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited private purchase of American Indian land. The land thus delineated, 20 million acres (81,000 km 2), encompassed an area half as large as the present state of Kentucky. In the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals (also known as the Treaty of Watauga), Henderson purchased all the land lying between the Cumberland River, the Cumberland Mountains, and the Kentucky River, and situated south of the Ohio River in what is known as the Transylvania Purchase from the Cherokee Indians. In March 1775, land speculator and North Carolina judge Richard Henderson met with more than 1,200 Cherokees at Sycamore Shoals, including Cherokee leaders such as Attakullakulla, Oconostota, and Dragging Canoe. Through diplomacy, Robertson made peace with the Cherokee, who threatened to expel the settlers by force if necessary. Tragedy struck as the lease was being celebrated, when a Cherokee warrior was murdered by a white man. However, in 1772, surveyors placed the land officially within the domain of the Cherokee tribe, who required negotiation of a lease with the settlers. In 1772, Robertson and the pioneers who had settled in northeast Tennessee (along the Watauga River, the Doe River, the Holston River, and the Nolichucky River) met at Sycamore Shoals to establish an independent regional government known as the Watauga Association. In 1771, James Robertson led a group of 12 or 13 families involved with the Regulator movement from near where present-day Raleigh, North Carolina now stands. In the years between 17, John Montgomery, the namesake of the county, along with Kasper Mansker, visited the area while on a hunting expedition. He identified Red Paint Hill, a rock bluff at the confluence of the Cumberland and Red Rivers, as a navigational landmark. The area around Clarksville was first surveyed by Thomas Hutchins in 1768. Colonization The Transylvania Purchase, bought from the Cherokee tribe, stretches from Sycamore Shoals in Elizabethton, Tennessee, to the Wilderness Road into Kentucky. This came to be known as the Trail of Tears as an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way. From 1838 to 1839, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were forced to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee, such as Fort Cass, to Indian Territory west of Arkansas. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw, and Choctaw. ![]() Possibly because of European diseases devastating the native tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. When Spanish explorers first visited Tennessee, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539−43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. ![]() The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian, whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee, who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters. The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. See also: Timeline of Clarksville, Tennessee Before colonization and Native American history Map of portion of the Trail of Tears showing Cherokee removal routes The site of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell is located about 10 miles (16 km) from downtown Clarksville and straddles the Tennessee-Kentucky state line. Ĭlarksville is the home of Austin Peay State University The Leaf-Chronicle, the oldest newspaper in Tennessee and neighbor to the Fort Campbell, United States Army post. The city was founded in 1785 and incorporated in 1807, and named for General George Rogers Clark, frontier fighter and Revolutionary War hero, and brother of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. It is the principal central city of the Clarksville metropolitan area, which consists of Montgomery and Stewart counties in Tennessee and Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky. The city had a population of 166,722 as of the 2020 United States census. ![]() It is the fifth-largest city in the state, after Nashville, Memphis, Knoxville, and Chattanooga. Clarksville is the county seat of Montgomery County, Tennessee, United States. ![]()
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